The class of conscious machines is no doubt
a class of superior machines, of machines nearly human, laking
only beingness. And still, such a machine only mimes the man.
Its consciousness was blown into it by man and then the machine
became an actor, and just as any actor it tends to imitate the
behavior of the real subject. Such a machine can in principle
read, write, talk, can feel pleasure and pain, can construct physically
and theoretically, etc. It is a genuine artificial animal with
whom man can enter into competition and cooperation. Such a machine
with consciousness will be nearly a man. But what is there that
makes it different from man, as regards its functioning and its
behavior ?
Since we have considered beingness
as an objective phenomenon (producing, quite true, subjective
impressions), we could ask ourselves: how can one distinguish
the human from the nearly-human machine ? How can one transfer
from a nearly-human machine to a human-machine ? As long as we
do not know how beingness takes place, what its nature is, we
can only guess that it is due to a certain complexity of organization
of the living matter. Hence it might be that by creating nearly-human
machines (more and more complex) one will meet, wanting or not,
the beingness, as a result of the increase in complexity. It
is also possible that the self-development of the nearly-human
machine will lead to the same situation. When will such a machine
declare itself to be human ? Let's turn back to the test asked
before. It seems that we are not able to test a nearly-human machine
for having or not having the beingness, or at least we do not
see at the moment any way of doing it directly. But one cannot
eliminate the possibility of such a test being found in the future,
we even guess that it will be found once we consider the beingness
as a material phenomenon.
Now we can ask: does beingness have
only the singular role of providing the awareness, something that
is not entirely essential for the functioning of the nearly-human
machine, or does it play a deeper role in the human being ? First
we shall observe that, without beingness existing in humans, the
nearly-human machine will never be, since it will have no possibility
to get the structures and the key-words of the beingness-derived
consciousness. Were the man only nearly-human, then he would have
to get from outside, possibly from a supernatural source, the
symbols and the key-words of self-consciousness. But this is not
so, since beingness is born in man as an objective phenomenon,
of a class different from the class of the other material phenomena
including the rational and the intellectual ones. The primitive
symbol of existence is born in the human intellect, while the
primitive symbol of "know" is born in his deeper thinking,
in his rationality. "To know" is deeper than "to
be". The succession live - be - know reflects, in
a way, a mechanism of knowledge. Beingness is present in
every act of human awareness. But the acts of awareness can be
converted into acts of consciousness, man can work himself as
a nearly-man.
There is still another aspect of beingness
that we have not considered so far. This is the participation
of the human affection to the act of being. Beingness is
also an affectively neutral act, covering in equal proportions
the positive and the negative feelings. Hence beingness leaves
traces not only in the rational and intellectual fields but also
in the field of affections. One could say that the trace left
by the beingness in the field of affections is the key to man's
spiritual life. Beingness awakens not only the self-consciousness
but also man's spiritual life. One finds that the whole of the
rational life is organized around the traces left by beingness
that is around "be" and "know". Around beingness's
affection trace one finds man's whole spiritual life. But spiritual
life also implies reason, without which man could never reach
the heights and the depths of the existence.
The outwards behavior of man represents
his actions, while the inwards behavior of man represents
his spiritual life. The spiritual life originates in the
trace left by beingness in the field of affections, but it also
contains the self-consciousness. It can also be view as an affective
motion started in the self-consciousness, but this is a spiritual
life that does not go to the source, just as self-consciousness
does not go to the source without awareness. This thing in itself
shows that spiritual life extends from its source to the different
layers of ourselves, in fact of the behavior of our central nervous
system. But it remains centered around the trace of beingness,
seeming to enter beingness, bringing about our knowledge, generating
our thirst for knowledge. Beingness is a fundamental phenomenon
containing our spiritual life, with deep implications in our functioning,
and I believe that it is this aspect that could fundamentally
distinguish the human from the nearly-human. The spiritual
life springing only from the self-consciousness will be a fake,
will have no philosophical calling and purpose. The nearly-human
will not be able to reach the heights of spiritual life proper
to humans; it is here that the nearly-human will sound a fake.
The Awareness Experiment
53