No critical aspect of contemporary science
can now be approached without a comprehensive view which should
embrace the manifold of aspects. An undertaking in any scientific
department must proceed from a unified view of the entire science.
Such a view is still sought and a possible philosophical view
is still lacking in this respect.
Let us now revert to the question of elementary
particles. First, we must accept the existence of a profound matter
of which they are built. This matter assumes form but for this
it needs information. So, there must exist some profound information
determining the state quantities of the elementary particles,
and likewise, there must exist some profound information dictating
the transformation rules of these, a.s.o. The profound information
is statical, yet it is responsible for the dynamics of the processes
developing throughout matter. Aristotle must have intuited this
fact when he postulated that the Prime mover does not move itself
but is responsible for the motion in the universe.
The profound information itself is not unchangeable.
It may be changed, it may be self-generated or it may be produced,
and a new bulk of statical, profound information may bring about
a new universe in its motion.
If referred to the dynamics of the universe,
beginning with change of the elementary particles, the profound
information determines the state quantities, then the transformation
and the behaviour laws are statical.
5. Given that the concept of mattercannot be reduced to Aristotle's concept
of matter, i.e. onlyto the "energymatter" in our terminology, for
if itwere so reduced, this would mean that other "beings"
might exist alongside of matter, the enlarged concept of matter
which is associated to the ring of the existence should be clearly
explained.
Introducing the concept of profound informational
matter presupposes that one accepts the existence of some information
which must have a material support in this realm of the world
too. We may righteously ask why this informatter should not be
entirely veilled by elementary particles, like the energymatter
itself. Why should we relate it again to the substance in the
universe, of course, under its living form ? These questions will
be examined in the following chapters herein.
Let us recall that our approach has not yet
leaped into the scientific realm and is still confined to philosophical
canons. Although materialistic philosophers have not contested
the objective reality of the mental activity, they usually distinguish
between the objective reality existing in itself (in the
sense of Aristotle) and the objective reality of the mental, brain
activity, which exists by otherness (by existence initself).
John C. Eccles and Karl Popper consider three
worlds10:
- a world of objects and physical states,
of inorganic and organic substances, of the brain as a physical
structure, etc;
- a world of the states of consciousnessqua subjective states, of
subjective cognition, ofpsychological phenomena of perception,
thought, emotion, memory,creative imagination, etc;
- and a world of objective cognition,
of scientific data and laws which do not depend on the individual
man, but on the cognition given by culture. This kind of cognition
is therefore an outcome of man's social activity. This is a world
alien to animals.
While noting the materialistic vein of thisview, let us remark that the
second world - of states of consciousness- is regarded as a prime reality
because, after Eccles and Popper,our conscious experience is at the basis of
knowing the firstworld, which is then a world of secondary reality, a
derivativeworld11.
This standpoint is hardly acceptable in materialistic
terms. However, if the second and the third worlds are the equivalent
of some informational structures, of some programmes, then the
model suggested is like a physical substrate/programme (Fig. 3).
This model accounts for the objective reality of the mental activity
in terms of programme and, ultimately, in terms of information.
Consciousness is obviously left outside this model. For this and
other reasons, this model is unsatisfactory. That is why we suggest
another model (Fig. 4), which supplements the physical substratum
of the brain with a new physical ingredient which could account
for consciousness and for several other properties of the mental
activity.
Matter in Depths20